0L0+ DOCS ( )t EError: No DOS(0 )0 / 0/(0/)00ֹ/ / Ȅ`l0  1 1%7x0 1 1 18H 1(哅h k1 y0L0l00DEH B VL0@   Y0`0.` a000. 08&.` 0mm 8 L1ƕƔ 1擥`@ (MAIN  *XD23E DOS U0 wK OVERVIEWDOCT;CONVENT DOCT;APPEND DOCT;)BATCH DOCT;BUFS DOCT;CAR DOCT; CLS DOCT; COPY DOCT;9CREDIR DOCT;CWD DOCT;DELDIR DOCT;DIR DOCT; DUPDSK DOCT;ERASE DOCT;FORMAT DOCT;" INIT DOCT;7'LOAD DOCT;?-MEMLO DOCT;EPAUSE DOCT;LPRINT DOCT;YRENAME DOCT;^LOGOMENUDOCT;8UNERASE DOCT;CHVOL DOCT;0XCOPY DOCT;TREE DOCT;QDIR DOCT;SAINIT DOCT;DIRS DOCT;BASIC DOCT; PROTECT DOCT;TIME DOCT;SET DOCT;TYPE DOCT;ERRORS DOCT; 6)SUMMARY DOCT;u DOCREAD COMT;_!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^44DEPH BLV `)`` '4 4, 4 a4 x4 x4 x4 x4 x4 4` 44 4Lu48 '4 4 4L4L4Error: Not an XL/XE Computer.4.44 } SpartaDOS Ver 2.3e 1-Nov-85 D Copyright (C) 1985 by ICD, INC. 424 4 4 , EEF E .4  4 4   LEiȱEi`z4@B12@3q45245324 ```1( (ҩmi:; < =x:23454 =Μ (, = ,P νе X0`234 5` o21 ,350 2 X 4 2 X Lc1 X)ҢL1,350 &2 4 2  1`08` r< ACE,0ɋ8` ` &'0L\`e1i1`,07 ,ߍҩҭҍ )  `_ҩҩ,,,8`H)ҩh `#,ҍ ҩ(ҩҩ`jj)?j)`Ң`H?ʎ @  0h ``@Bˠ ʢ:,  ` 0!H h, 0  ʭ `LL EF*ʬ L 0 ʬ *ʹ,ʨ *ʽ@ @F G` 0 L@P 1@R H 0>h 0   * HH 0hh`hh,LʅGʹʨ G`. ʮ `y"U a ې;ݒ/ ;m ; / ;  ]!K`Z6 AȢ ALϬ >(ȩ(` YύNϱ(H(h `*$/ȱ$Aȩ *$$ `2Kd} L Ϣ HsHL[ O NF Parameter ErrorL`ؒ @ ؍ ؍ ` * * Z ʭDLؠ  0L 0f خ  ح /A   LHL\؅C؅D. ؠC  婛蝀` ȹ   뭶 ` 0 8 HI0 (ʢ ^0L^t j  ܐH ʩs K ʍp 8 t t } t ۰ x )L,v 0m 8J  mp Hh ߍp 8s Jm  ,  + m L٭   x8 ε L٭ is L7܅EF , L{x )  ܰT N ۭ Q ʮ `n o >$H k ݭ Lڭx )L ۍn o ۬s n Cȭo C Uݭn o ܎ 1m p ί ͯ  1ۭp m  ^p L^ k)H n o EFl .ʬm ^L^ڭn o C܎ L^p eCCD $H0CELO۱EC$H U8p m p Lۭp  m  ``Hx =L` ݭ ܐ `ܠCm Uݭ `q r LC ΰ 8Em EF8t m t u v ܰW `8{ t `8 `Cq ȱCr `Cn ȱCo ` ܐ ܎ `ܬl CD .ʮ `   l ,m 06 /- )l   , ` ݭ-  ` ) 8 - ,m 0,  ,   , 0, .,m 0 .ݮ JHjiChiÅD` H) h)   ݥCD8 .` ` s is m  xݬs L7ܠCC, ۠q Cȭr C ۠ Cq ȭ Cr ULݠ + ۩s ` x ) , )   ެ C&m ͆  L, L ߎ Nޢ,   }Jލ }Kލ ` . 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L   , w `,H   `L ^  j ? j L  L"81 HH``0BK' 9T ^ L p GL p oL p cL ^ L ? L ? 6Lw  ? %Lw ^ L ^ L ^ L ^ cL ^ L ^ L ^ VL ^ L ^ L ^ L ^ >L ^ AL ^ L ? !/  ? ]@ hh` ? . LR 9 =,.  ; w ` [ l [ Lw l [ VLw [ Lw EHEH ` [ Lw [ Lw ? Lw ? Lw ? Lw ? Lw ,4 [ HvHl ? YLw HH )ӝ )莗 hh`HH )ӝ 莗 hh`HHΗ ) hh(`L6 PLL  T;D1:startup.bat+ k *.*.COM.BATD1:Volume: Directory: FREE SECTORS xyz{|}~*SpartaDOS- OVERVIEW The Disk Operating System (DOS)is a special program which directsthe internal operation of your Ataricomputer and disk drive. The DOSoversees many important functionsincluding allocation of memory andmanagement of files including storageand retrieval etc. SpartaDOS is primarily a memoryresident DOS. This means that you cango from an applications programsrunning under DOS, to DOS and usemost internal commands, then back tothe applications program withoutreloading from disk each time. The commands in DOS are of twotypes; INTERNAL or EXTERNAL. Internalcommands are memory resident andinclude: APPEND, Batch Processing,BUFS, CAR, COPY(as long as Page 6 isnot used, otherwise it's external),CREDIR, CWD, DELDIR, DIR, ERASE,LOAD, PRINT, RENAME, RUN, SAVE andTYPE. The external commands include:AT_RS232, CLS, COPY(if using Page 6),DIS_BAT, DUPDSK, FORMAT, INIT, MEMLO,PAUSE, PORT, RS232, SET, SPCOPY,TIME, TREE, and UNERASE. The commandsTSET and TD replace SET and TIME, ifan R-TIME Clock cartridge is beingused. To use the external commandsthe files of the same name (such asFORMAT.COM) must remain on the samewhere they are called. When formatted, disks are given a'volume' name; density and otheroptions are selected. Each disk MUSTbe given a unique volume name foryour diskette library such as 'Games1', 'W P 1', '00243' etc. The disk is then broken intodirectories. Each directory islimited to 128 files. The initialdirectory is called 'MAIN'. Otherdirectories (subdirectories) can becreated under MAIN. The same rulesapply to subdirectory names asfilenames except they show up in thedirectory listing with afterthe name and they have specialcommands to create, move, delete anddisplay. Subdirectories can be'nested' under other directories withno limits restricting the number ofdirectories other than disk space andfilenames per directory. Pathnamesare used to connect from onedirectory to another. With SpartaDOS there are manyformat options available but yourdrive must have the specific hardwarein order for the options to work,e.g. you cannot use double densityformat with the standard 810 diskdrive etc. Once the format is writtenon a given disk, the drive willautomatically configure for thatformat type when trying to read orwrite to it.*SpartaDOS- Some Conventions:-THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW'ESC' will alow you to exit mostprograms.'' means pressing the Return Key.To change default drives type'Dn:' where 'n' is the new drivenumber.VOLUME NAME A unique (different) volume namemust be given to each of yourdiskettes. Otherwise you WILL haveproblems with the system crashing. Avolume name can be from 1 to 8characters long and can include anyof the 256 possible numbers,characters or symbols available onthe Atari keyboard.COMMAND CONVENTIONSThe general syntax of a Command is:[Dn:][path>]fname[parameters]The extender '.COM' is RESERVED forcommand files. These can be run bytyping 'fname'. The extender'.BAT'is RESERVED for Batch files.These can be run by typing'-fname'. Do NOT type out theextender in either of these cases.NOTE: The 'command file' in SpartaDOSreplaces the 'L' command(load binaryfile) used in Atari Dos 2.0. Allbinary files to be used withSpartaDOS should be renamed with the.COM extender so they can be run bytyping the fname.DOS MODULES There are currently four DOSmodules on your Master SpartaDOSDiskette. These are used with theINIT Command to install DOS on afreshly formatted disk. The modulescan be identified by the extender'.DOS' and more will be added as newmodules become available. 'RO' stands for Read Only. ThisDOS cannot be used to write to thedisk but RO makes a great gameloading DOS due to its extremely lowMEMLO. Once this has been installedon a disk you cannot write over orerase the files unless you first boota disk with a Standard R/W DOS. 'STD' is our R/W (read/write)DOS. The normal speed version has aMEMLO of $2000 and is used for mostDOS applications. 'HS' means high speed and is usedwith out UltraSpeed Hardware. Thisworks with non-modified drives innormal speed but pushes MEMLO up byabout $300 bytes. There are HSversionsof both RO and STD SpartDOS.BUFFERS The BUFS Command is used tochange the number of DOS buffers.Buffers are 128 byte blocks of memorythat a DOS will reserve for itstemporary storage area when readingand writing files. A lower number ofbuffers gives a lower MEMLO but ahigher number of buffers means lessdisk access especially when doingdisk I/O from BASIC.FILE SIZE The file size is given as thenumber of bytes the file occupies.This is a 'true' indication of filesize where number of sectors canbecome misleading as the sector sizechanges with different densityformats.WILD CARDS Two wild cards (* and ?) can beused to take the place of 'fname.ext'characters in order to select a rangeof filenames, to find and onknownfilename or to speed up enteringcommand files. The two wild cards canbe used in the same way as in DOS 2.0SUBDIRECTORIESAll directories other than MAIN, canbe thought of as subdirectories.SpartaDOS uses the 'tree' typedirectory structure, where the MAINdirectory is the trunk and thesubdirectories can be thought of asbranches from that trunkwith more subdirectories attached (atnodes) to those branches.The 'path' can be used in various DOScommands to specify which directoriesact as source and/or destination forthe command. '>' at the beginning ofthe path starts a the trunk (MAIN)and '<' moves back a node i.e. onedirectory. The directory name (dname)within the path, selects a branchusing '>' as a place holder detweendnames.PATH(s) A path is basically theconnection or route between twoplaces or points. Since we can havemore than one directory on each disk,we use 'path' to describe the route.For our use, the path is the list ofdirectories from where we are (thecurrent directory) to where we aregoing (the destination directory). Weuse '>' as a delimiter (place holder)between each directory name in ourpath. When we are not in the MAINdirectory, we can also use one '<' tomove backwards each directory in ourpath.APPEND CommandPurpose: To save a binary block ofdata at the end of an existing binaryfile.Format:APPEND[Dn:][path>]fname[.ext] adr adrType: InternalRemarks: The format is the same asSAVE. The file specified shouldalready exist since the $FF $FFheader is NOT written. Also the fileis opened for append/write ratherthan write as in the SAVE command.Remember that 'address' is in HEXnotation.Example:APPEND D1:GAMES>GHOST.COM 4000 47FFThe above command appends the blockof memory from $4000 to $47FF ontothe end of the file called GHOST.COMon the disk in drive #1 under theexisting subdirectory called GAMES.This is a command primarily foradvanced users working in assemblylanguage.Batch CommandsPurpose: To retrieve and execute afile (fname.BAT) which instructs DOSto go perform specific operations ina specific order. STARTUP.BAT is aspecial batch file which isautomatically executed upon bootup.Format: -fnameType: InternalRemarks: A batch file containsexecutable DOS instructions . It canbe created with a word processorprogram or with the Screen Editorusingthe COPY command. You can usethe TYPE command to view the contentsof a batch file. A typical example ofa batch file could be to load anRS232 handler, then go to BASIC ,then RUN a comms program. All batchfiles MUST end with filenameextension of '.BAT'.Comments can be added to your batchfiles by typing a semicolon at thebeginning of the command line. Toexecute a batch file type a dash (-)then the filename (do NOT type theextender) and RETURN. Pressing SYSTEMRESET while a batch file is runningaborts the batch operation and goesdirectly to DOS or the cartridge ifpresent.There are several special commandfiles for use in batch files. CLS.COMwill clear the screen, PAUSE.COM willstop execution of the batch fileuntil another key is pressed, andDIS_BAT.COM will disable the batchprocessing.Example: -MODEMThis command will execute the set ofinstructions saved under the filenameMODEM.BAT on the default drive underthe current directory. This filemight look like the following: RS232 CAR RUN"D:AMODEM"This batch file when executed willrun a file called RS232.COM then goto BASIC cartridge, then finally RUNthe Basic program called AMODEM.BUFS CommandPurpose: To set or check the numberof buffers currently in use.Format: BUFS [n]Type: InternalRemarks: BUFS will display the numberof 128 byte blocks of memory(buffers) currently reserved for DOSuse. This display is a DECIMAL valuebetween 2 and 16. BUFS n will set thenumber of buffers to be reserved forDOS use, where 'n' is a HEX valuebetween $2 and $10. The boot updefault is 4 under single densityunless reset by a batch file orconfigured by the INIT Command.NOTE: More buffers require morememory moving MEMLO up. The minimumrequirement for single density bothread and write (R/W) is 3. Theminimum for double density R/W is 6.2 buffers is sufficient if onlyreading in any density. In general,if the program requires R/W in randomfashion, the more buffers you have,the faster the operation will be, andthe less wear on your disk and drive.Example: BUFS FThe above command sets the number ofDOS buffers to decimal 15BUFSThe screen shows 'BUFS=n' where n=thecurrent decimal number of buffers inuse.CAR CommandPurpose: Exit from DOS to a languagecartridge.Foramt: CARType: InternalRemarks: The cartridge program willbe intact unless an external commandwas executed in which case theprogram will be erased uopn entry ofthe cartridge. Also the copy command*ill cause the contents of memory tobe erased.NOTE: The CAR command with nocartridge present will cause a systemcrash.Example: CARSends program control to the languagecartridge or the internal BASIC chipin the case of the XL computers.CLS CommandPurpose: To clear screen display.Format: CLSType: ExternalRemarks: The CLS Command is primarilyused to clear the screen displayduring batch file execution which canimprove readabilty on comment lines.Example: Consider the following batchfile: ;Good Morning! ; ;Welocome to Atari! CLS ;Please turn on your 850 interface. ; PAUSE RS232Upon execution this batch will clearthe screen after welcoming theoperator, display an instruction andwait for keyboard input, thenproceed.COPY CommandPurpose: Copy one or more files fromone device to another and, ifspecified gives the copy a differentname. COPY can also copy files to the samedisk, however the copy must have adifferent name unless the destinationis another directory. Note that afile may NOT be copied to the samedisk drive with a different diskette.There is no provision to switch disksin the middle of the COPY process. Ifa single drive copy is desired, seethe SPCOPY or DUPDSK commands. You may also use COPY to transferdata between any of the other screendevices, i.e. the Screen Editor,Printer, Keyboard etc.Format: COPY Dn:[path>][fname[.ext]] [Dn:][path>][fname[.ext]]Type: InternalRemarks: The first file specified isthe source file name. If none isgiven, a default file spec. of '*.*'is assumed which will copy all files.The device for the source must begiven. The second file is the destination. If no file name isspecified, a default file spec of '*.*' is assumed, which will copywithout changing names.The COPY command, aside from theobvious ability to COPY disk filescan also create batch files, print files on the printer, or allow typingdirectly to the printer.The internal COPY command resides inPAGE 6 of memory. Occasionallyanother program might wipe this outand take PAGE 6 for its own use. Tocontinue use of the COPY command anexternal file provision was builtinto SpartaDOS. Use the SAVE commandto write the file COPY.COM onto thedisk the the offending program(s).When the COPY command is called, achecksum is done to determine whetherCOPY is still intact. If not theexternal file will replace it. Thefromat to create this COPY.COMfile is: SAVE COPY.COM 600 6FFExample: COPY D:*.PRN P:This command copies all files fromdisk with an extension of .PRN tothe printer.COPY E: D:INPUT.BATThis command creates a batch filecalled 'INPUT'. When this command isentered, the screen will clear andyou may begin typing lines of text.When done, a CTRL 3 will signal anend of file for the Editor, and thedata will be saved in the disk file.CAUTION: NEVER type a command like: COPY E:This will copy from the default file????????.??? to the default device(usually the disk drive) and find thefirst file on your destination drivewill be lost forever and replacedwith ????????.???. ALWAYS specifya destination name when using theCOPY command from anything other thanthe 'D' device!CREDIR CommandPurpose: Creates a subdirectory onthe specified disk.Format: CREDIR [Dn:]pathType: InternalRemarks: The directory to be createdis the last directory in the pathname. If no path is given, an errorwill occur. Path is in the format of'NAME1>NAME2>NAME3' etc. andindicates the route from the currentworking directory to the destinationdirectory.Example: CREDIR D2:UTILITYCreates a subdirectory on Drive #2called UTILITY.CREDIR GAMES>ARCADECreates a subdirectory on the defaultdrive under the preexistingsubdirectory called GAMES.CWD CommandPurpose: Change the working (current)directory on the specified disk.Format: CWD [Dn:]pathType: InternalRemarks: The current directory iswhere DOS looks to find files whosenames were entered without specifyingwhich directory they were in. Also,the current directory is the basedirectory for the relative pathnames.IMPORTANT: When a file is opened forread, the current directory is thefirst to be scanned for the file, butif it is not there, the main (root)directory is then scanned for thefile. This is so that one may keep'.COM' files in the main directoryand be able to access them from asubdirectory.During DOS initialization, thecurrent directory is reset to pointto the main directory. Initializationoccurs when the RESET key is pressed,when a fatal I/O error occurs i.e.bad sector, or when some applicationcauses an initailization when itloads.Remember that the current directoryis in the header of the expandeddirectory listing.NOTE: The 'path' can be substitutedwith '<' to move backwards in thepath one directory.Example: CWD ARCADETakes you to the subdirectory calledARCADE on Drive #3 under thesubdirectory of GAMES.DELDIR CommandPurpose: Deletes a subdirectory fromthe specified disk.Format: DELDIR [Dn:]pathType: InternalRemarks: The directory to be deletedmust be totally empty before it canbe deleted. The directory to bedeleted must be the last directory inthe path name. Note that the main(root) directory may not be deleted.Example: DELDIR GAMES>ARCADERemoves the subdirectory calledARCADE under directory GAMES only ifit is empty; otherwise an ERRORresults.DIR CommandPurpose: To display the volume nameand the specified directory name, tolist files and subdirectories in thedirectory, the file size in bytes,the date and time the files werecreated, and the number of freesectors left on the disk. DIR may beused to list all files matching afile spec pattern using wild cards.Format: DIR [Dn:][path>][fname[.ext]]Type: InternalRemarks: If no file spec is specifiedall files will be listed i.e. adefault file spec of '*.*' is used.If no path is specified, the currentdirectory is listed.Example: DIRDisplays the entire current directoryof the default drive.DIR D2:MODEM>XM*.*Displays the directory range ofXM??????.??? under the subdirectoryMODEM od Drive #2.    DUPDSK CommandPurpose: To duplicate an entireSpartaDOS diskette using one or twodisk drives.Format: DUPDSKType: ExternalRemarks: DUPDSK is a disk copyprogram which will duplicate anentire SpartaDOS disk includingsubdirectories while using one or twodisk drives. This command will notformat or transfer the diskettevolume name. These must be createdwith the format command since thereare many possible variations informat. Also, the destination formatmust be the same type as the sourceformat and the destination diskshould not have any files on it asthey will be overwritten!Example: DUPDSKFollow prompts to duplicate disk.ERASE CommandPurpose: ERASE deletes the file orfiles from the specified file namefrom the specified directory. If nopath is specified, then the file isdeleted from the current directory.Format:ERASE [Dn:][path>][fname[.ext]]Type: InternalRemarks: You may use wild cards inthe files spec, however, use cautionas one command can erase multiplefiles. If no file spec is given, anerror will occur. Also, if a file spec of '*.*' is given, then allfiles will be erased and NO WARNINGwill be given. Note that only fileswill be erased; any subdirectorieswill be left intact. Also see theUNERASE Command.Example: ERASE FILE.TXTWill erase the file named FILE.TXTwith no warning.CAUTION: Be very careful when usingwild cards with this command.ERASE *.* will wipe out all filesunder the current directory with nowarning! Some other DOS's always ask'ARE YOU SURE?'. We assume you knowwhat you are doing with this commandso we don't bog you down withunnecessary keystrokes and questions. !FORMAT CommandPurpose: This command is used toformat the disk, create the directorystructure, and optionally put DOS onthe diskette.Format: FORMATType: ExternalRemarks: The FORMAT program allowsmany format densities, gives the userthe option to put DOS on the disk andto give the disk a unique volumename. Once a disk has been formatted,DOS cannot be put on the disk withoutreformatting. The FORMAT program doesnot allow you to change boot defaultsor choose many different SpartaDOStypes rather it reads the SpartaDOSwith defaults from the disk you useas the SOURCE.Example: FORMATThe first question is whether towrite DOS. If answered 'Y' then youmust insert a SpartaDOS Source diskof your choice into Drive #1. Afterpressing 'Return', SpartaDOS is readinto memory. The Source can be any ofthe versions of SpartaDOS and thenewly formatted disk will reatin thesame defaults as the Source.#$%&'()*+,-./0123456INIT CommandPurpose: This is the masterformatting program and allowsselection of certain defaultparameters.Format: INITType: ExternalRemarks: The INIT program isnecessary since SpartaDOS can supportmany different drive configurations.This program loads SpartaDOS from'.DOS' modules which must also be onthe diskette. INIT allows selectionof all possible parameters and bootdefaults. Since the '.DOS' modulestogether with the INIT file requirea large amount of disk space, wecreated the FORMAT Command forgeneral everyday use.NOTE: There are four .DOS modulesincluded on the present Master disk.These are: RO_HS RO STD STD_HS'RO' means read only. This is astripped down DOS with a very lowMEMLO and short load time. Anytimeyou attempt to write with an ROversion you will get an error (170).The main use of an RO DOS is forloading game files.'STD' (standard) is the generalpurpose DOS to use most of the time.These two DOS versions have 'HS'(high speed) counter parts which giveUltraSpeed I/O when used with theappropriate hardware (US Doubler,Archiver II). The HS versions areabout $300 bytes larger(higher MEMLO)Example: INITThe INIT program will load a menuof the possible SpartaDOS versions(fname.DOS) available on the diskalong with N) for NO DOS. This isselected if you don't want SpartaDOSon the disk but want it formatted.Assuming you selected a DOS, thecorrect module then loads into memoryand gives you the 'modify defaultparameters' choice. You can selectwhether to write with verify (slowsthe write down), the default drive,and the number of buffers.Next you will be asked which driveyou want to format in; valid are 1-4.INIT then gives a menu of trackselection. Most Atari Drives use1) 40 tracks/SS, unless you are usingan ATR8000 interface or double sideddrive.The next choice, density, allowsSingle density (128 byte sectors,double density (256 byte sectors),and 1050 double density (128 bytesectors).Volume name? is the next selection.You must enter a Volume name and thisshould be unique to this particulardiskette.UltraSpeed (US) sector skew? is a Y or N question. Answer 'N' unlessyour drive is equipped with the necessary US Hardware and you are using an HS type SpartaDOS.US sector skew will make your driveread and write slower than normalunless it is properly equipped.Now insert the diskette and pressreturn. 'Diskette Initialized...'will appear whern finished. To formatmore diskettes press RETURN or toleave this program press ESC.89:;<=>LOAD CommandPurpose: To load any binary file andnot run the file. The standard DOSrun and init. vectors are NOT used.Format: LOAD [Dn:][path>]fname[.ext]Type: InternalRemarks: This command is useful forloading character sets, binary data,or files that do not want to be runat the time. Note that a load canonly be done from the 'D' device,since load is now an XIO functionof the 'D' handler.Example: LOAD MYFILE.OBJThis loads a file called MYFILE.OBJinto the memory locations specifiedin its boot header but does not runthe file.NOTE: Don't get this confused withthe LOAD cimmand from BASIC. Itsfunction is similar but it loads onlybinary files (with a header of $FFFF)BASIC programs are generallyrelocatable while many LOAD typefiles are not and can cause a system crash.@ABCDMEMLO CommandPurpose: To display MEMLO for userinformation.Format: MEMLOType: ExternalRemarks: The MEMLO Command displaysthe contents of $2E7 and $2E8. Thiswill tell the user where the top ofSpartaDOS resides in case he needs tochange to a more memory efficientversion.Example: MEMLOThe display will show Memlo=$$$$where $= any Hex digit. RO SpartaDOSwith 2 buffers has the lowest MEMLOwith $1980. STD_HS SpartaDOS with 16buffers has the highest with $2800.Loading an RS232 Handler or the TIMECommand will move MEMLO up in memory.FGHIJKPAUSE CommandPurpose: To temporarily haltexecution of a batch file and toprompt the user for a response tocontinue.Format: PAUSEType: ExternalRemarks: This is a convenient way tostop the screen while displayinginstructions from a batch file.Example: Consider execution of thefollowing batch file: RS232 ;Please insert your comms program ;in Drive #2 ; PAUSE CAR RUN "D2:AMODEM4.2"This file will first load the RS232Handler from the 850 interface thendisplay the next 3 comment lines andstop with the display 'Press anykey to continue'After the user follows theinstructions and presses a key thisprogram will continue and go to theBASIC cartridge then load and run themodem program specified.MNOPQRSTUVWXPRINT CommandPurpose: To send all output, thatnormally gets written to screeneditor through IOCB #0, to aspecified output file.Format: PRINT [Dn:][path>]fname[.ext]Remarks: This command is normallyused to send everything that getsprinted on the screen to the printer.However, the output may go anywherethe user desires, including a diskfile. This feature is very usefulif one wants to have the outputof a BASIC program go to printer oran editing session, etc.The PRINT command acts like a toggle;the first time a device and file arespecified and the output goes to thatdevice, and the second time, thecommand closes the file and outputreturns to normal.NOTE: This is the output redirection(Batch file processing is the inputredirection) allowing it to workfrom BASIC. While the command is ineffect, IOCB #4 may NOT be used,since this is the IOCB the outputfile goes through. Also, this IOCBacts as if it were closed, meaningthat it could be opened though thismay have bad side effects on thesystem and cause unpredictable thingsto happen. The reason for making theIOCB appear closed, is to preventthe system from closing the file;e.g. BASIC when entered, closes allIOCB's.Example: PRINT P:Sends all future screen display tothe printer until 'PRINT' toggles this off.PRINT D1:SAVIT.NOWSends all future screen display to afile on drive #1 called SAVIT.NOW.The file stayr open and closes whenPRINT is entered.Z[\]RENAME CommandPurpose: Change the name of anexisting file or files.Format:RENAME[Dn:][path>]fname.ext fname.extType: InternalRemarks: Wild cards may be used inthe file specs. A path and devicemay only be specified on the firstfile name: A file name must bespecified for both source anddestination names. The rules forwildcarding are the same as the AtariDOS.Example: RENAME FILEZ FILESChanges the name of the file ondefault drive and default directoryfrom FILEZ to FILES._`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~LOGOMENUHOW TO CREATE A SPECIAL BINARY FILELOADERMany Atari users have a collection ofbinary files, many of which are games.For this, special versions of DOS(NOCPand XC23E) and a menu program(LOGOMENU.SYS) have been created toload and run these files. Here aresome advantages of using theNOCP/XC23E DOS in conjuction withLOGOMENU.SYS:a) File protection - since there is nocommand processor in NOCP (similar tousing DOS.SYS with no DUP.SYS in ATARIDOS 2) it becomes difficult toaccidentally erase or write over afile without first booting-up anotherversion of SpartaDOS. Also, sinceLOGOMENU.SYS is only a load/run typemenu that you can't exit aside fromrebooting; only reading from thediskette is performed.b) UltraSpeed - both versions of DOSrun in UltraSpeed mode as long as yourdrive hardware supports it and youselect US sector skew when formatting.Otherwise, it will run at standardspeed.c) Size and Organization - LOGOMENU.SYS can handle up to 16directories each with up to 64 files.It is arranged so that the SELECT keytoggles the page of files within asubdirectory to be displayed, and theOPTION key toggles the subdirectorycurrently being displayed. When youchoose a file to load and run, simplypress the letter of the file.d) Simple Operation - a double widemenu will display during operation.You press the letter or letters thatcorrespond to the file and it loadsand runs. To see more pages of files,use the SELECT/OPTION keys asdescribed in (c above). Once adiskette of files has been created, noother steps need be taken other thanturning the system on and selectingthe file to run.e) Compatibility - NOCP has a MEMLOabout 1/4K above that of Atari DOS 2and XC23E has a MEMLO about 4K belowthat of Atari DOS 2. All games thatrun under an Atari DOS 2 type menushould run under this menu.f) Hidden Files - if you 'protect' afile (by the PROTECT command), thatfile will NOT show up in the menu. Ifyou 'protect' a subdirectory, thatentire directory will NOT be includedin the menu. This way you may putseveral catagories (subdirectories) onone diskette, but only allow certaincatagories to be displayed when used.h) Deselects BASIC - LOGOMENU.SYSautomatically deselects the internalBASIC on XL/XE computers, so there isno need to hold down the OPTION keywhen booting your LOGOMENU diskette.CONSTRUCTION (for non-XL/XEComputers)Initialize a disk with NOCP.DOS usingINIT.This is a version 1.x type SpartaDOS.Insert a diskette with the filesINIT.COM and NOCP.DOS into your driveand boot-up. If a batch file runs andpauses, press RESET to get the 'D1:'prompt. Type INIT and then pressRETURN. The DOS menu will come up.Press the corresponding number forNOCP. After it reads the NOCP file itasks to 'Modify defaults?', press 'N'for no.Then, drive to format is usually drive1, tracks will be 1 for Atari drives;the other selections are for theatr8000 and similar peripherals. Thedensity menu gives a choice of1)single(90K), 2)double(180K), and3)1050 double(130K). 810s only getnumber 1, 1050s can choose 1 or 3, and1050s with the US Doubler can chooseany of the densities.The volume name should be unique toeach diskette. You might want to usenumbers or letters or both, as it isintended to help you keep track ofyour diskettes. US Doubler owners willtype 'Y' (yes) for UltraSpeed sectorskew, everybody else will type 'N'(no).Now insert the diskette to beformatted into the drive specified andpress any key to begin. After thediskette is formatted, it is a goodtime to repeat the procedure on anyother diskettes you might want toinitialize as games diskettes.Copy LOGOMENU.SYS to the MAINdirectory on each of your newlyinitialized diskettes and RENAME it toAUTORUN.SYS.Find a diskette with the fileLOGOMENU.SYS on it. You can useSPCOPY, XCOPY, or (COPY if you have 2drives). After the file has beencopied to the destination diskette,RENAME it to AUTORUN.SYS.Example: RENAME LO*.* AUTORUN.* Note:This will be the only file (other thansubdirectory names '*.*This will only work if thesubdirectory named PACMAN is on thedestination disk. Note: Do NOT copyany of your game files to the MAINdirectory. AUTORUN.SYS is the onlyfile allowed under MAIN.Boot the new games disk and try itout!SELECT scrolls the directory displayup to show additional filenames ifany. OPTION changes subdirectories ifmore than one is on the diskete.SYSTEM RESET reloads the directory.This is helpful in the event that youchange diskettes in the drive. Thereshould not be any cartridges installedalthough it is OK to leave the R-Time8 cartridge installed. Internal BASICwill be automatically deselected inthe XL/XE computers.Trouble shooting:The display comes up with READY orMEMO PAD/DIAGNOSTICS- 'NOCP.DOS' needsa file called AUTORUN.SYS(LOGOMENU.SYS) in order to initializeproperly. Check the MAIN directory forthe file AUTORUN.SYS. Also, the BASICcartridge must not be installed.The display comes up with ERROR: NOSUBDIRECTORIES FOUND - You must haveat least one subdirectory on thediskette.The display comes up but doesn't showany filenames - There are no filesstored under the subdirectory. Boot-upa STANDARD or SPEED version of DOS,then put the games disk in and checkthe directories. DIR will show theMAIN directory and DIR PACMAN> willshow a subdirectory called PACMAN.CONSTRUCTION (for XL/XE ComputersOnly)Initialize a disk with XC23E.DOS usingXINIT.Insert a disk with XINIT and the 2.xversions of DOS into drive 1 and bootup the system. Then follow theinstructions for construction with'NOCP' except you must substituteselect XC23E instead of NOCP. Also the2.x versions show up as filenamesunder the MAIN directory; the 1.xversions remain hidden from view. Therest of the instructions are thesame.When trouble-shooting 2.x version, youmay also get the D1: prompt wheneither SYSTEM RESET or BREAK ispressed; if there is no AUTORUN.SYSfile in the MAIN directory, theneither READY or the D1: prompt willappear.UNERASE CommandPurposeThis command allows you to restoreone or more files that werepreviously erased. If no path isspecified, then UNERASE restores thefiles in the current directory. Wildcards can be used in the filespec. Ifa file can't be restored, UNERASEwill indicate why.SyntaxUNERASE [Dn:] [path>] [fname[.ext]]Type and RestrictionsExternal under CP versions 1.x and2.xCaution: use a 1985 or newerUNERASE.COM version only!RemarksThis command will restore files thathave been accidentally erased, butonly if they are still intact. If newfiles have been created since thedesired file was last erased, thenpart of the erased file may have beenoverwritten and therefore lostforever!EXAMPLE: UNERASE *.*UNERASE will map the currentdirectory and then display the namesof the files being restored as itencounters them.Note: Occasionally the free sectorcount is decreased by one after anUNERASE. The reason for this is thatthe UNERASE command will increase thesize of the directory file if thelast sector is close to being full.CHVOL CommandPurposeThis command is used to change thevolume name on a diskette.SyntaxCHVOL [Dn:] vnameType and RestrictionsExternal under CP versions 1.x and2.xRemarksCHVOL is used to change the volumename on a diskette. This can beuseful if you change your mind on avolume label after it has beeninitialized. Note that you MAY NOTinclude spaces in the volume name,but any other character is legal.Only the first 8 characters will beused for the new volume name.XCOPY CommandPurposeThis command is used for single ordual drive file transfers betweenSpartaDOS and/or Atari DOS 2compatible formats (with fewrestrictions on density and number oftraks). This is intended to be usedwith SpartaDOS 2.x since Atari DOS 2format is recognized by the DOS(SPCOPY has Atari DOS 2 built in;XCOPY does not). If you are doingsingle or dual drive SpartaDOS toSpartaDOS copies, then this commandis better even for version 1.xusage.SyntaxXCOPYType and RestrictionsExternal under CP versions 1.x and 2xSPCOPY is suggested under CP version1.xRemarksThis command is identical to SPCOPYexcept for the followingdifferences:1. The Atari DOS 2 handlers are notbuilt in. XCOPY assumes that the DOScan handle an Atari formatteddiskette if necessary.2. The file tagging has been improvedso that you can see four files aheadof where you are currently tagging.(It scrolls the files before youreach the bottom).3. 100 files can be handled (SPCOPYcan only hold 50 files).4. SPCOPY re-initializes DOS at thebeginning of each read and writepass; XCOPY never re-initializes DOS.This means that XCOPY is highlysusceptible to volume names being thesame (on version 1.x diskettes inparticular). PLEASE GIVE ALL YOURDISKETTES DIFFERENT VOLUME NAMES!!!TREE CommandPurposeThis command displays all thedirectory paths found on the disketteor under the specified directory, andoptionally lists the files found ineach directory in alphabeticalorder.SyntaxTREE [Dn:] [path] [/F]Type and RestrictionsExternal under CP versions 1.x and2.xRemarksThe TREE command displays all pathnames found on the diskette when usedfrom the main directory. If a path isspecified, then all pathnames underthat directory will be displayed.When used from a subdirectory, TREEwill display all pathnames from thatdirectory on. If the /F isspecified, then all filenames in eachdirectory will be displayed inalphabetical order after thedirectory path they're in.ExampleTREE D1:MODEM/FSubdirectory MODEM is displayed asthe root directory and all filenamesunder that are displayed; then anysubdirectories under MODEM aredisplayed along with the filenamesunder each of those. This continuesuntil the last subdirectory andfilenames are displayed.?DIR CommandPurposeTo show the path to a specifieddirectory. If no path is given as aparameter, the current directory pathis displayed.Syntax?DIR [Dn:] [path]Type and RestrictionsInternal under CP version 2.xRemarksThis command is normally used to showthe current directory path. The pathdisplayed is the path you would typeafter a CWD command to get from theMAIN directory into the directory youare currently in.AINIT CommandPurposeAINIT causes the drive to write anAtari DOS 2 style format. Thiscommand is mainly for compatibilitywith existing software, sinceSpartaDOS cannot be copied to and rununder this format.SyntaxAINIT [Dn:]Type and RestrictionsInternal under CP version 2.xRemarksThis will produce an Atari DOS 2compatible format. The density isdependent upon the configuration ofthe drive as is normal with all AtariDOS 2 implimentations. AINIT is theonly internal format command and issupported with XIO 254. (Seetechnical notes in manual for details(you DO have the manual don'tyou??))NOTE: This command will not producea format with US sector skew which isneeded for UltraSpeed I/O. SpatraDOScannot boot from a diskette formattedin this way either. Use INIT forSpartaDOS 1.x or XINIT with SpartaDOS2.x.DIRS Command (CP version 2.x only(Internal))This command lists a directorysimilar to that of Atari DOS.SyntaxDIRS [Dn:] [path>] [fname[.ext]]RemarksIf no filespec is specified, allfiles will be listed (i.e. defaultfile spec of *.* is used). If no pathis specified, the current directoryis listed. Both DIR and DIRS workwith SpartaDOS 2.x, while only DIRworks with SpartaDOS 1.x. Withversion 2.x, DIRS displays a shortform similar to Atari DOS 2 includingprotected status (which DIR does notreturn). When reading an Atari DOS 2directory with CP version 2.x, bothDIR and DIRS give the same shortdirectory result.BASIC CommandPurposeThis command installs or removes theinternal BASIC on the XL/XEcomputers.SyntaxBASIC ON orBASIC OFFType and RestrictionsInternal under CP version 2.xRemarksWhen the XL/XE computer is booted-upnormally with no cartridge pluggedin, the internal BASIC isautomatically installed taking up 8Kof RAM. Holding down the OPTION keywhen booting will keep the internalBASIC disabled. The BASIC commandwill install or disable the built inBASIC and relocate the display memoryas needed. This command can beincluded as the last command in aSTARTUP.BAT batch file so you don'thave to hold down the OPTION key.Note: the computer does a RESET(warmstart) operation while executing thiscommand. This causes the batch fileto automatically close.PROTECTION (CP 2.x only)Protection is an important feature inany DOS. It is quite easy to erasefiles using wild cards and notrealize that a file you didn't wanterased was lost. To solve thisproblem, a file protect status may beset on any file. If on, that filemay not be erased until it is'unprotected'. Also, a disk lockfeature has been added which actsmuch like a write protect tab (ornotch on 8 inch drives).File ProtectionFile protection is accomplished byuse of the PROTECT and UNPROTECTcommands. These commands set orclear a bit in the file status. Ifset, that file may not be modified inany way. The following gives thecommand descriptions.PROTECT CommandPurposeThis command protects (locks) filesfrom accidental erasure.SyntaxPROTECT [Dn:] [path>] fname[.ext]Type and RestrictionsInternal under CP version 2.xSpartaDOS 1.x does NOT recognize theprotect statusRemarksPROTECT will help prevent accidentalerasure of specified files. A writeor erase attempt to a protected filewill result in the message 'Fileprotected' or error 164 from BASIC.Unlike Atari DOS 2, the RENAMEfunction is allowed on protectedfile. Protected files will have anasterisk (*) before the filename whenexecuting the DIRS command.UNPROTECT CommandPurposeThis command unprotects files toallow you to erase of modify thefiles.SyntaxUNPROTECT [Dn:] [path>]fname[.ext]Type and RestrictionsInternal under CP version 2.xSpartaDOS 1.x does NOT recognize theprotect statusRemarksThis is the reverse of the PROTECTcommand. Files must be UNPROTECTEDin order to be modified or erased.Disk ProtectionSpartaDOS version 2.x has twocommands that allow you to protect orunprotect on a whole diskette basis.This is similar to putting a writeprotect sticker on the diskette.However, there is one majordifference, a write locked diskettemay be written to by programs that donot use SpartaDOS file handling. TheXINIT, INIT, and FORMAT programs areseveral examples.LOCK CommandPurposeThis command locks the diskette toprevent accidental erasure. It issimilar to the physical write protecttab which is put on the disk, but isstrictly a software lock and onlyworks when using SpartaDOS 2.x.SyntaxLOCK [Dn:]Type and RestrictionsInternal under CP version 2.xSpartaDOS 1.x does NOT recognize theprotect statusRemarksThe LOCK command has been added toSpartaDOS to allow write protectionof the SpartaDOS 2.x diskette. Thelock byte is phisically written tothe diskette where it will remainuntil the UNLOCK command is given.The status of LOCK ON or OFF can bechecked with the CHKDSK command. Whentrying to write to a locked diskettewhile in SpartaDOS 2.x the message'Disk write locked' will bedisplayed. Under BASIC it will be anerror 169 ($A9).UNLOCK CommandPurposeThis command unlocks a SpartaDOS 2.xformatted disk.SyntaxUNLOCK [Dn:]Type and RestrictionsInternal under CP version 2.xSpartaDOS 1.x does NOT recognize theprotect statusRemarksThis command updates the SpartaDOS2.x diskette to allow writting to it.UNLOCK is the reverse of the LOCKcommand. After executing the UNLOCKcommand, CHKDSK will show 'Writelock: OFF']TIME CommandPurpose To display the time and date at thetop of the screen, and to install thetime function into DOS. The Xparameter turns the time and datedisplay off.SyntaxTIME [X]Type and RestrictionsExternal under CP versions 1.x and2x.RemarksIf only TIME is entered, thetime/date line will appear with thecurrent time according to DOS. IfTIME is already on, then nothinghappens. If the 'X' parameter isentered, the time and date display isturned off but the clock staysinstalled. To change the time anddate see the SET Command. SET CommandPurposeThis command allows the user to setthe time and date after installingthe clock with the TIME command.SYNTAXSET [mm/dd/yy] [hh/mm/ss]Type and RestrictionsExternal under CP versions 1.x and2xRemarksIf no parameters are specified, thenthe program will ask for the time anddate, otherwise, the time and datespecified on the command line will beused.ExampleSETSince no parameters were specified,the prompt showing the current dateand asking for a new date appears.Type in the new date using slashes asdelimiters (05/12/90) When asked toenter the time, repeat the abovesteps using 24 hour time (13/30/00results in 1:30.00pm 01/30/00results in 1:30:00am). SET 12/10/84 21/12This command line sets the date at12/10/84 and the time to 9:12:xxpm.Notice that we use slashes asdelimiters in the command line. DoNOT ever use colons in a SET or (TSETR-Time 8 cart) command line orunpredictable things will happen!SET CommandPurposeThis command allows the user to setthe time and date after installingthe clock with the TIME command.SYNTAXSET [mm/dd/yy] [hh/mm/ss]Type and RestrictionsExternal under CP versions 1.x and2xRemarksIf no parameters are specified, thenthe program will ask for the time anddate, otherwise, the time and datespecified on the command line will beused.ExampleSETSince no parameters were specified,the prompt showing the current dateand asking for a new date appears.Type in the new date using slashes asdelimiters (05/12/90) When asked toenter the time, repeat the abovesteps using 24 hour time (13/30/00results in 1:30.00pm 01/30/00results in 1:30:00am). SET 12/10/84 21/12This command line sets the date at12/10/84 and the time to 9:12:xxpm.Notice that we use slashes asdelimiters in the command line. DoNOT ever use colons in a SET or (TSETR-Time 8 cart) command line orunpredictable things will happen!     TYPE CommandPurposeTo display the contents of an ASCIIfile. Commonly used to read a batchfile without executing it.SyntaxTYPE [Dn:] [path>] fname[.ext]Type and RestrictionsInternal under CP versions 1.x and2.xRemarksThe file is read, line by line, andprinted to the screen editor. If aline is longer that 64 characters, anerror will occur (truncated record).This command will only print onefile. This same funtion could alsobe done with the COPY command,however the COPY command will erasethe contents of program memory. UseTYPE with the PRINT (PRINT P:)command (redirect output) to 'type' afile to the printer.ExampleTYPE STARTUP.BATThis command displays the contents ofthe batch file used forinitialization.ERROR MESSAGESATARI BASIC ERROR MESSAGES 2 Insufficient Memory 3 Value Error 4 Too Many Variables 5 String Length Error 6 Out of Data Error 7 Number > 32767 8 Input Statement Error 9 Array or String DIM Error11 Floating Point Error12 Line Not Found13 No Matching FOR Statement15 GOSUB or FOR line Deleted16 RETURN Error17 Garbage Error18 Invalid String Character19 LOAD Program Too Long20 Device Number > 7 or =021 LOAD File ErrorSPATRADOS ERROR MESSAGES128 ($80)BREAK Abort129 ($81)IOCB Already Open (Input/OutputControl Block)130 ($82)Non existent Device Specified - Youtyped an undefinded device. Legaldevices are: D:, S:, C:, R:, P:, E:131 ($83)File/IOCB Not Open For Read132 ($84)Invalid IOCB Command133 ($85)Device or File/IOCB Not Open134 ($86)Bad IOCB Number135 ($87)File/IOCB Not Open For Write136 ($88)End of File137 @$89)Truncated Record138 ($8A)Devce Timeout (No Drive Found)139 ($8B)Device NAK (Not Acknowledged) This isa message you'll get when trying toread an incompatable DOS or disk notin place.144 ($90)Device Done Error (Bad Sector/DiskWrite Protected)146 ($92)Function Not Implemented in Handler148 ($94)Not a SpartaDOS Diskette149 ($95)Diskette not SpartaDOS version 2.x150 ($96)Directory Not Found151 ($97)File Exists. May not replace ordelete file. Can happen when saving afile with a directory of the samename (dname = fname.ext)152 ($98)Not a Binary File160 ($A0)Drive Number Error162 ($A2)Disk Full (no free sectors)163 ($A3)Illegal Wild Card in Filename164 ($A4)File Erase Protected165 ($A5)File Name Error - Typed illegalcharacters in filename166 ($A6)Position Range Error167 ($A)Cannot Delete Directory168 ($A8)Illegal DOS Command/Not Implemented169 ($A9)Diskette is Write Locked170 ($AA)File Not Found - You've mistyped afile or command name or tried a writeoperation with NOWRITE.DOS._!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^COMMAND SUMMARY?DIR [Dn:][path] Internal - 2.xTo show the path to a specifieddirectory. If no path is given as aparameter, the current directory pathis displayed.AINIT [Dn:] Internal - 2.xThis command is used to format adiskette in Atari DOS 2 styleformat.APPEND [Dn:][path>]fname[.ext]address address Internal - 1.x and2.xBASIC ON or BASIC OFF Internal - 2.xThis command installs or removesinternal BASIC with the XL/XEcomputers.BATCH FILES (syntax below)-fname 1.x and 2.xTo retrieve and execute a file(fname.BAT) which instructs DOS to goperform specific operations in aspecific order. STARTUP.BAT is aspecial batch file which isautomatically executed when thediskette is booted.BOOT [Dn:][path>]fname[.ext]Internal - 2.xThis command tells a SpartaDOS 2.xformatted disk to boot a particularprogram at startup.BUFS [n] Internal 1.xTo set or check the number of bufferscurrently in use under CP version 1.xonly.CAR Internal - 1.x and 2.xExit from DOS to a languagecartridgeCHKDSK [Dn:] Internal - 2.xTo display the volume name, random &sequence numbers (version 2.xdiskettes only), sector size,formatted bytes on disk, availablebytes on disk, and write lock status(version 2.x diskettes only).CHTD [Dn:][path>]fname[.ext]External - 1.x and 2.xThis utility command is used tochange a file's time/dateCHVOL [Dn:]vname External - 1.x and2.xThis utility command is used tochange the volume name on adiskette.COMMAND FILE (Syntax below)[Dn:][path>]fname[parameteres] 1.xand 2.xTo load and run binary files. Also,it provides a standard for passingparameters to machine languageprograms.COPY d[n]:[path>][fname[.ext]][dn:][path>][fname[.ext]][/A]Internal - 1.x with exceptions and2.xNote: the '/A' option is allowedunder CP version 2.x only.COPY one or more files from onedevice to another and if specified,gives the copy a different name. COPYcan also be used to append one fileto another under CP version 2.xonly.COPY can copy files to the same disk,however the copy must have adifferent name unless the destinationis another directory. Note that afile may NOT be copied to the samedisk drive with a different diskette.There is no provision to switchdiskettes in the middle of the COPYprocess. If a single drive copy isdesired, see the SPCOPY, XCOPY, MENUor DUPDSK commands.CREDIR [Dn:]path Internal - 1.x and2.xCreates a subdirectory on a specifieddisk.CWD [Dn:]path Internal - 1.x and2.xChange the working (current)directory on the specified disk.DELDIR [Dn:]path Internal - 1.x and2.xDeletes an empty subdirectory fromthe specified disk.DIR[Dn:][path>][fname[.ext]] orDIRS [Dn:][path>][fname[.ext]](optional with CP version 2.x)Internal - 1.x and 2.x withexeptionsTo display the volume name and thespecified directory name, to listfiles and subdirectories in thedirectory, the file size in bytes,the date and time the files werecreated, and the number of freesectors left on disk. DIR may be usedto list all files matching a filespec pattern by using wild cards.DIRS displays the short formdirectory as used with Atari DOS 2.0(CP version 2.x only).DIS_BAT External - 1.x and 2.x (useXDIV with 2.x)The DIS_BAT command is used with CPversion 1.x to disable batchprocessing and the PRINT command(redirection of I/O). This may benecessary in order to run certainprograms. If using CP version 2.x seethe XDIV command.DUMP[Dn:][path>]fname[.ext][start[#bytes][/P] External - 1.x and 2.xThis utility will display a file inHEX and ATASCII or ASCII format.DUPDSK External - 1.x and 2.xTo duplicate an entire SpartaDOSdiskette (except for volume name)using one or two disk drives. Note:Number of tracks and densities mustmatch on 'source' and 'destination'disks or an error will result.ERASE [Dn:][path>][fname[.ext]]Internal - 1.x and 2.xERASE deletes the file or files fromthe specified filename from thespecified directory. If no path isspecified, the file is deleted fromthe current directory.FORMAT External - 1.x and 2.xThis command is used to format thediskette, create the directorystructure, and optionally put DOS onthe diskette. (Only 1.x diskette)INIT External - 1.x and 2.xThis is the master formatting programfor SpartaDOS 1.x versions and allowsselection of certain defaultparameters. (Will create 1.xversions.)KEY External - 1.x (for 400/800computers)XKEY External - 1.x and 2.x (forXL/XE computers)To install a 32 character keyboardbuffer.LOAD [Dn:][path>]fname[.ext]Internal - 1.x and 2.xThis command load any binary fileinto memory but does not run thefile. The standard DOS RUN and INITvectors are NOT used.LOCK [Dn:] and UNLOCK [Dn:] Internal- 2.xThe LOCK command locks the disk toprevent accidental erasure. It issimilar to the phisical write protecttab which is put on the disk, but isstrictly a software lock and onlyworks when using CP version 2.xdiskettes. UNLOCK disables the LOCKcommand. (Only affects 2.xdiskettes.)MDUMP [address[#bytes]][/P] External- 1.x and 2.xThis utility will display memorylocations in HEX and ATASCII or ASCIIformat. It is very similar to DUMPbut works on blocks of memory ratherthan files.MEM Internal - 2.xMEMLO External - 1.x and 2.x (2.xshould use MEM)To display MEMLO (lower bound) andMEMHI (upper bound - only MEMdisplays this).MENU [R][n] External - 2.xThis command gives you most of thefeatures of the command processor butin a menu form. It is capable ofsingle and multiple file functions.OFF_LOAD[Dn:][path>]fname[.ext]offset[/SNPQ]orOFF_LOAD -R address[Dn:][path>]fname[.ext]External - 1.x and 2.xThis utility command loads in filesat an offset and optionally displayssegment addresses, file position ofbeginning segment, and can querywhether to load a given segment. Itmay also be used to create non-relocatable versions of OFF_LOADPAUSE External - 1.x and 2.xTo temporarily halt execution of abatch file and to prompt the user fora response to continue.PORT [path>]fname[.ext] External - 1.x and 2.xTo set speed, word size, stop bits,translation, input and output parity,and EOL parameters for RS232communications.PRINT [dn:][path>]fname[.ext][/A] orPRINT d[n]: orPRINTInternal - 1.x and 2.xNote: the '/A' option is allowedunder CP version 2.x onlyTo echo all output that is written tothe screen editor (E: through IOCB#0) to a specified outputdevice.(usually the printer, P: )PROTECT [Dn:][path>]fname[.ext] orUNPROTECT [Dn:][path>]fname[.ext]Internal - 2.xThese commands protect and unprotect(lock & unlock) files from accidentalerasure. (This only affects 2.xdiskettes)PUTRUN [Dn:]fname[.ext] External - 1.x and 2.xThis command appends the RUN vectorcontaining the start address of anexternal command file to the file.This is to make a command such asmenu be able to run as an AUTORUN.SYS(when only RUN/INIT vectors areused).RDBASIC Dn: (XL/XE computer withinternal BASIC on required)RD130 Dn: (Atari 130xe computerrequired)RDAXLON Dn: (Axlon RAMPOWER 128 inAtari 800 required)External - 1.x and 2.x withrestrictionsThese commands install a Ramdiskdevice (electronic disk) in the placeof a disk drive. Since these commandsdepend on specific hardware, thecorrect device must be present or anerror will result. Note: CP version 1.x allows up to 4drives and CP version 2.x allows upto 8 drives.RENAME[Dn:.[path>]fname[.ext]fname[.ext]Internal - 1.x and 2.xChange the name of an existing fileor files.RPM [Dn:] External - 1.x and 2.xTo display the drive speed in RPM foruser information.RS232 External - 1.x and 2.x (forthe 850 interface)AT_RS232 External - 1.x and 2.x (forthe ATR8000)To load the RS232 Handler forcommunications.RUN [address] Internal `abcdefghijklmnopqrst - 1.x and2.xTo re-execute the last '.com' file orexecute at a given address. (To loadand run a binary file see 'CommandFiles'.)SAVE [dn:][path>]fname[.ext][/A]address address Internal - 1.x and2.x the '/A' option is allowed underCP version 2.x only.This command saves binary data frommemory to disk. To append data, seethe APPEND command, or with CPversion 2.x use the '/A' option.SET [mm/dd/yy][hh/mm/ss] (for usewith TIME command)TSET [mm/dd/yy][hh/mm/ss] (for usewith TD or XTD commands)External - 1.x and 2.xThese commands allow the user to setthe time and date after installingthe clock with the TIME, TD or XTDcommands.SPCOPY or XCOPY External - 1.x and2.xThese commands are used for single orduel drive file transfers betweenSpartaDOS and/or Atari DOS 2compatible formats with fewrestrictions on density and number oftracks. This is the way to convertAtari DOS 2 files to SpartaDOS or thereverse of this. Since translation isalready built into CP version 2.x,use the smaller XCOPY with thatversion of DOS.TD [X] (for use with R-TIME 8cartridge)TIME [X] (for use with system clock)XTD (for use with R-TIME 8)External - 1.x and 2.xTD and XTD are used with ICD's R-TIME8 Cartridge to install the hardwareclock. XTD installs the R-TIME 8without a display and TD installs itwith the date and time displayed atthe top of the screen.TIME installs the clock built intothe Atari which is not very accurateand must be set upon system boot. The'X' parameter will turn the time anddate display off but keep the clockinstalled.TREE [Dn:][path][/F] External - 1.xand 2.xTo display all the directory pathsfound on the disk or under thespecified directory, and tooptionally list files found in eachdirectory in alphabetical order.TYPE [Dn:][path>]fname[.ext]Internal - 1.x and 2.xTo display the contents of an ASCIIfile. Commonly used to read a batchfile without executing it. Also usedto read .DOC files. Does not disturbthe contents of memory like COPY toE:UNERASE [Dn:][path>][fname[.ext]]External - 1.x and 2.xTo restore a file that has beenerased.VERIFY ON or VERIFY OFF Internal - 2.xThis command changes the write modeto write with verify or write withoutverify.XDIV Internal - 2.xThe XDIV command is used with CPversion 2.x to disable batchprocessing and the PRINT command(redirection of I/O). This may benecessary in order to run certainprograms. 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